Security - User Authentication page

Show WBM page in former firmware releasesShow WBM page in former firmware releases

General configuration

User authentication

If User Authentication is enabled in the WBM then authentication with a user name and password is required for access to certain components of the controller and certain functions in PLCnext Engineer.

If User Authentication is disabled in the WBM then authentication is not necessary to access the WBM, the OPC UA® server of the controller, or to access the controller using PLCnext Engineer.

But even if the User Authentication in the WBM is disabled the admin user can log in via SFTP and get access to the file system, or can issue commands via SSH.

User authentication is enabled by default. In the delivery state, the admin user is already created with administrator rights, and a unique default password is printed on the controllers' housing.

 Security note: Use the default admin password only for initial access and change it as soon as possible!

The modified administrator credentials are stored in the overlay file system which is usually located on the internal flash memory; but if you operate the controller with an SD card, the overlay file system is located on the SD card.

Recommended:

• If operating the controller with an SD card, make sure to restrict physical access to the control cabinet; and also restrict access to the SD card once it has been taken off the controllers' card slot.

Security note: Enabled user authentication only provides a limited degree of protection against unauthorized network access. Due to the communication interfaces of the controller, the controller should not be used in security-critical applications unless additional security appliances are set. For all details, see the PLCnext Security Info Center.

Enabling/disabling user authentication

To enable/disable user authentication, proceed as follows:

• Click on the Enable/Disable button next to the User Authentication checkbox.

The Enable/Disable User Authentication dialog opens.

• To enable user authentication, enable the User Authentication checkbox.
• To disable user authentication, disable the User Authentication checkbox.
• Click the Save button to apply the setting.

System use notification

Available from firmware 2021.0 LTS

The system use notification is displayed each time a user wants to log on to the controller via WBM, PLCnext Engineer or via SFTP and SSH. The system use notification is independent of the language of the user interface in WBM and PLCnext Engineer. You should therefore take all required languages into account when editing.

To edit the system use notification, proceed as follows:

• Click the Edit Notification button.
• Edit the System Use Notification in the input window that opens.
• Confirm the entry by clicking the Save button.

The text is then transferred to the controller and stored.

User Management tab

Available from firmware 2022.0 LTS

Via the User Management tab of the firmware 2022.0 LTS or newer, the access data of all users who are authorized to access the controller is managed, and the required access permissions are assigned to each user. 

Storage for user data

The access data of all newly created users is stored in the overlay file system which is located on the internal flash memory. If you operate the controller with an SD card, the overlay file system is located on the SD card. If an SD card is inserted into another controller of the same type, the access data stored on the SD card is used for access to that other controller.

Before inserting the SD card into another controller please note:

If you have changed the administrator credentials after logging into WBM for the first time, then the modified access data stored on the SD card will be used for access to the controller. In this case, it is no longer possible to log in with the admin user name and the default password printed on the controllers' housing.

User management table

• The User column shows all existing user names. From firmware release 2022.6, can also show warning icons on the right side of a user name:
  

  •  A warning indicates that a user password will expire soon.
     
  •  An urgent warning indicates that a user password has already expired.
• The Roles column shows all assigned User roles for each user.
• The Password Policy column shows the currently set Password complexity rule set for each user.
• The rightmost columns contains the buttons for the user management functions that are described in the sections below.

Adding a user

Proceed as follows to add a user:

• Click on the Add User button below the table.

The Add User dialog opens.

• Enter the user name and password into the respective input field;
  note the length limitation of 63 bytes* for user names, and 127 bytes* for passwords.
  From firmware 2022.0 LTS, Password complexity rules apply additionally.
  Observe the following rules when assigning the user name (otherwise the new user will be rejected):
  • It must consist of at least one character
  • It must not be longer than 63 characters (excluding terminating character at position 64)
  • It must not contain characters from the set: \ , ( , ) , $
• To add the user in the user manager, click on the Add button.

* The characters are encoded using UTF-8 so the number of bytes used for a character depends on which character is entered. Characters can be coded with one byte (e.g. letters a-z or digits 0-9) and up to four bytes (e.g. special characters, umlauts, etc.). The length limitation therefore limits the number of bytes and not the number of characters. 

Changing a user password

• Click on the Set Password button in the line of the desired user on the User Authentication page.

The Set User Password dialog opens.

• Enter the new password in the New Password and Confirm Password input fields;
  note the length limitation of 127 bytes* for passwords.
  From firmware 2022.0 LTS, Password complexity rules apply additionally.
• To save the new password, click on the Save button.

* The characters are encoded using UTF-8 so the number of bytes used for a character depends on which character is entered. Characters can be coded with one byte (e.g. letters a-z or digits 0-9) and up to four bytes (e.g. special characters, umlauts, etc.). The length limitation therefore limits the number of bytes and not the number of characters. 

Modifying user roles

You can select one or more user roles with different permissions for each user.
These permissions control access to aspects of the controller:

• Access to the file system of the SD card in the controller (if an SD card is used)
• Access to the controller by means of PLCnext Engineer or via Secure Shell (SSH)
• Access to the embedded human-machine interface (eHMI) set up with PLCnext Engineer
• Access to the pages of the Web-based Management (WBM) on the controller
• Access to the OPC UA® server on the controller

For two controllers in a system redundancy context, user roles set on the primary controller are automatically synchronized with the backup controller.

To assign one or more user roles to a user, proceed as follows:

With firmware ≥ 2022.0 LTSWith firmware ≥ 2022.0 LTS

• In the table row of the user in question, click on the Edit User button.

TheEdit User Configuration dialog opens.

• Enable/disable the checkbox behind the user role(s) that you would like to assign/retract.
• Click on the Save button to save the selected user role(s) for the user.

  With firmware ≤ 2021.9With firmware ≤ 2021.9

• In the table row of the user in question, click on the Modify Roles button.

The Modify Roles dialog opens.

• Enable/disable the checkbox of the user role(s) that you would like to assign/retract.
• Click on the Save button to save the selected user role(s) for the user.

User roles and their assigned access permissions in the various applications

The following overview shows the user roles implemented in the firmware. Some user roles have been introduced only with recent firmware updates.

Note: Additional roles may be necessary, e.g. for use with the Device and Update Management.

Applications and services

Application or service

Access permission for:

User role

SD card, parameterization memory

SFTP access to the file system with an SFTP client Note: noteAuthentication with a user name and password is always required for SFTP access, even if user authentication is disabled.

✓

Shell

SSH access to the shell Note: noteAuthentication with a user name and password is always required for SSH access, even if user authentication is disabled.

✓

PLCnext Engineer

View values in the cockpit (e.g., utilization)

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Transfer a project to the controller

✓

✓

✓

Start (cold/warm restart) or stop the controller

✓

✓

✓

✓

Restart the controller (reboot)

✓

Reset the controller to default setting type 1

✓

View online variable values

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Overwrite variables

✓

✓

✓

Set and delete breakpoints

✓

✓

✓

Download safety-related programs to the controller

✓

✓ Note: noteAs of firmware 2023.0 LTS, safety permissions for the Engineer user role are always enabled.

✓ Note: noteDo not use this user role alone. This role is designed for use as an add-on to other user roles, e.g. Engineer. See detailed description.

Start or stop safety-related programs

✓

✓ Note: noteAs of firmware 2023.0 LTS, safety permissions for the Engineer user role are always enabled.

✓ Note: noteDo not use this user role alone. This role is designed for use as an add-on to other user roles, e.g. Engineer. See detailed description.

Debug safety-related programs

✓

✓ Note: noteAs of firmware 2023.0 LTS, safety permissions for the Engineer user role are always enabled.

✓ Note: noteDo not use this user role alone. This role is designed for use as an add-on to other user roles, e.g. Engineer. See detailed description.

By means of dedicated tools

Update safety-related firmware on the controller

✓

✓

PLCnext Engineer HMI application

View online variable values

✓

✓

✓

✓

Overwrite variables

✓

✓

OPC UA® access by means of a client application

View online variable values

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Overwrite variables

✓

✓

✓

✓

Read files

✓

✓ Note: noteOPC UA file transfer must be enabled via PLCnext Engineer.

Write files

✓

✓ Note: noteOPC UA file transfer must be enabled via PLCnext Engineer.

Update firmware on the controller

✓

✓

Device and Update Management (DaUM)

Update firmware, software and projects

✓

Web-based Management (WBM)

Note: Visibility of WBM pages depends on the device and firmware release in use. In addition, some WBM pages could have been deactivated by settings in the System Services.

WBM pages

Access permission for:

User role

Information or Overview section

General Data

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Network configuration

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Cockpit

✓

✓

✓

✓ Note: notechange user password only

✓ Note: notechange user password only

✓ Note: noteno reboot or reset possible

✓ Note: noteno reboot or reset possible

✓ Note: noteno reboot or reset possible

✓ Note: notechange user password only

✓ Note: notechange user password only

✓ Note: notechange user password only

Diagnostics section

PROFINET

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Local Bus

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Notifications

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Integrated UPS

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Configuration section

Network - LAN Interfaces tab

✓

✓

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read-only

Netload Limiter tab

✓

✓

✓ read- only

✓

✓ read, reset

✓ read, reset

Date and Time

✓

✓

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

✓ read- only

System Services

✓

✓

PLCnext Store

✓

✓

Proficloud  (legacy platform)

✓

Proficloud Services (V3 platform)

✓

✓

SPLC

✓

✓

✓

✓

Fan Control

✓

✓

Web Services

✓

✓

Security section

Security Profile

✓

✓

User Authentication

✓

✓

✓

LDAP configuration

✓

✓

✓

Firewall

✓

✓

SD Card

✓

✓

Certificate Authentication

✓

✓

✓

Syslog Configuration

✓

✓

Administration section

Firmware Update

✓

✓

PLCnext Apps

✓

✓

✓

License Management

✓

✓

 

Removing a user

• On the User Authentication page, click the Remove User button in the line of the user to be removed.

The Remove User dialog opens with this user's name already pre-entered.

• Click on the Remove button to delete that user permanently.

Session Configuration tab

The Session Configuration tab is available from firmware version 2022.0 LTS

Show Screenshot from 2022.0 LTS to 2022.3Show Screenshot from 2022.0 LTS to 2022.3

Configuring parameters

In the Session Configuration tab, thorough settings for the user sessions can be made in order to allow admins to set preferences for their organisation's needs. User sessions in this context refers to all sessions which are managed by the User Management, such as access to the WBM and RSC services.

Security note: Limited session time and limited concurrent sessions, as well as incremented penalties on repeated login trials, are features to enhance the security of your controllers. When changing these settings, do it with a "security first" approach. For all details, see the PLCnext Security Info Center.

The following parameters can be configured:

• Maximum session time:
  Numeric value, 1 minute to the maximum of UINT32; default: 20 min
  Note: Do not use 0 as a value here! That way you would lock out everyone from the WBM forever. 
• Exclude admin users from timeout:
  Boolean value, default: false
  Enabling this feature by setting this value to true excludes admin users from timeout penalties when retrying to login more than 3 times.
• Initial timeout, Timeout increment, Maximum timeout:
  Numeric values, 0 seconds (no timeout) to the maximum of UINT32; default values:
  • Initial timeout  10 s
  • Timeout increment 30 s
  • Maximum timeout  3600 s
• Maximum concurrent sessions:
  Numeric value, 2 to the maximum of UINT32, default: 32 sessions.
  Note: For security reasons, this value should always be as low as possible. But keep in mind that each communication to the PLC needs its own session, even the WBM access to change this value! To get as close to the minimum as viable, proceed as follows:

  • For counting concurrent sessions in your project, enable the Enhanced Debug Log.
  • Run the project, then open the Output.log and count the necessary connections to the PLC. 
  • Add 2 sessions to that value for preventing from locking yourself out - that's the bare minimum.
  • Disable the Enhanced Debug Log afterwards so it cannot influence the timing of running applications.

Applying changes and rebooting

All changes made in the Session Configuration tab are saved only with pressing the Apply and reboot button under the table. The controller will only reboot if all settings can be set in the system error-free.

If an error occurs, the firmware notifies only for the first error, but all touched settings are set back.

Password Policy tab

Available from firmware 2022.0 LTS

In the Password Policy tab, all restrictions for user passwords can be set up, grouped as specific rulesets for users on the same trust level. See Password complexity rules for all further details.

Show a screenshot for this tabShow a screenshot for this tab